Authors: Andrej OVCA , Mojca JEVŠNIK, Peter RASPOR*
Corresponding author: Peter RASPOR
Type of paper: Scientific review article
Issue: Volume 13 | number 1 – 2019
Abstract:
Teaching microbiological food safety and food safety in general at the primary school level is crucial, because behaviour is more easily influenced at that stage. The purpose of this review was to identify challenges in the education of primary school children related to microbiological food safety and to review the type of activities published and evaluated in the scientific literature targeting primary school children. The most frequently applied approach in the reviewed studies is target population-tailored workshops. The knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) model is most widely used for evaluation purposes, based mostly on the self-report and recall levels. Studies that compared theoretical and practical educational approaches unanimously demonstrated that theoretical awareness is not effective for changing and maintaining appropriate behaviour, whereas experiences had a significant impact. The review highlighted the differences and deficiencies in home economic teachers regarding formal education. The development of proper teaching methodologies and educators seems to be the key to the achievement of aware, confident, and skilled students (on the consumer level) during primary education.
Povzetek:
Poučevanje temeljnih principov zagotavljanja mikrobiološke varnosti živil na ravni osnovne šole je lahko ključnega pomena, saj na tej stopnji razvoja lažje vplivamo na zavedanje in ravnanje posameznika. Namen pregleda znanstvene literature na tem področju je ugotoviti izzive, pristope in metode evalvacije pri poučevanju tovrstne tematike na ravni osnovnošolskih otrok. Najpogosteje uporabljen pristop v pregledanih študijah so usmerjene teoretične in/ali praktične delavnice, prilagojene ciljni publiki. Kot orodje za evalvacijo učinka pa se najpogosteje uporabljajo različne oblike t.i. samo poročanja udeležencev glede spremembe znanja, odnosa in ravnanja. Študije zajete v pregled dokazujejo, da imajo praktične izkušnje, ki si jih udeleženci pridobijo tekom udeležbe na delavnici pomemben pozitiven vpliv na spremembo ravnanja v povezavi z zagotavljanjem mikrobiološke varnosti živil. Razkrijejo tudi razlike in omejitve učiteljev gospodinjstva na področju njihove formalne izobrazbe. Razvoj ustreznih učnih metod in usposabljanje učiteljev za poučevanje mikrobiološke varnosti živil je eden ključnih korakov za doseganje osveščenih in usposobljenih bodočih potrošnikov že v času osnovnošolskega izobraževanja.
